News
Kardashev scale
By RedDawn, 2010-02-08 in News
Kardashev scale
is a method of measuring a civilization's level of technological advancement.
# Type I — a civilization that is able to harness all of the power available on a single planet — has approximately 1016 or 1017 W available. Earth specifically has an available power of 1.74 × 1017 W (174 petawatts, see Earth's energy budget). Kardashev's original definition was 4 × 1012 W — a "technological level close to the level presently attained on earth" ("presently" meaning 1964).
Methods by which a civilization could feasibly advance to Type I:
* Large scale application of fusion power. Type I implies the conversion of about 5 kg of matter to energy per second. This can be achieved by fusing approximately 1,000 kg of hydrogen into helium each second, a rate roughly equivalent to 3 × 1010 kg/year. A cubic km of water contains about 1011 kg of hydrogen, and the Earth's oceans contain about 1.3 × 109 cubic km of water. So this rate of consumption can be sustained over geological time scales.
* Antimatter production is still beyond our civilization's ability to utilize as a power source, but any civilization with the technological ability to produce or collect anti-matter in large quantities cheaply, would have a mechanism to produce power on a scale several factors above our current level of technology.
* Solar energy — converting sunlight into electricity by either solar cells or indirectly through wind and hydroelectric power. Currently, there is no known way for human civilization to successfully utilize the equivalent of the Earth's total absorbed solar energy without completely coating the surface with man-made structures, which is presently not feasible. However, if a civilization constructed very large space-based power satellites, Type I power levels might be achievable.
# Type II — a civilization that is able to harness all of the power available from a single star, approximately 4 × 1026 W. Again, this figure is variable; the Sun outputs approximately 3.86 × 1026 W. Kardashev's original definition was also 4 × 1026 W.
* A Dyson sphere or Dyson swarm and similar constructs are hypothetical megastructures originally described by Freeman Dyson as a system of orbiting solar power satellites meant to completely enclose a star and capture most or all of its energy output.[13]
* Perhaps a more exotic means to generate usable energy would be to feed a stellar mass into a black hole, and collect photons emitted by the accretion disc.[14][15] Less exotic would be simply to capture photons already escaping from the accretion disc, reducing a black hole's angular momentum; known as the Penrose process.
* In sufficiently large number of stellar systems, absorbing a small but significant fraction of the output of each individual star.
Type III — a civilization that is able to harness all of the power available from a single galaxy, approximately 4 × 1037 W. This figure is extremely variable, since galaxies vary widely in size; the stated figure is the approximate power output of the Milky Way. Kardashev's original definition was also 4 × 1037 W.[/color]
Type III civilizations might use the same techniques employed by a Type II civilization, but applied to all of the stars of one or more galaxies individually. They may also be able to tap into the energy produced from a supermassive black hole which are believed to exist at the center of most galaxies.
Type IV level which controls the energy output of the visible universe; this is within a few orders of magnitude of 1045 W. Such a civilization approaches or surpasses the limits of speculation based on current scientific understanding, and may not be possible.
In the Star Trek universe, the race known as the Q Continuum are beings of unlimited power that have existed since the begining of the universe. They can alter reality in any way conceivable, at any point in time. They have no apparent malice or bias toward lower lifeforms and, cannot influence one another.
There are many historical examples of human civilization undergoing large-scale transitions, such as the Industrial Revolution. The transition between Kardashev scale levels could potentially represent similarly dramatic periods of social upheaval, since they entail surpassing the hard limits of the resources available in a civilization's existing territory. A common speculationsuggests that the transition from Type 0 to Type I might carry a strong risk of self-destruction since, in some scenario, there would no longer be room for further expansion on the civilization's home planet, similar to a Malthusian catastrophe. Excessive use of energy without adequate disposal of heat, for example, could plausibly make the planet of a civilization approaching Type I unsuitable to the biology of the dominant life-forms and their food sources. If Earth is an example, then sea temperatures in excess of 35 °C would jeopardize marine life and make the cooling of mammals to temperatures suitable for their metabolism difficult if not impossible. Of course, these theoretical speculations may not become problems in reality thanks to the application of future engineering and technology.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardashev_scale[color=#EF2929][/color]
is a method of measuring a civilization's level of technological advancement.
# Type I — a civilization that is able to harness all of the power available on a single planet — has approximately 1016 or 1017 W available. Earth specifically has an available power of 1.74 × 1017 W (174 petawatts, see Earth's energy budget). Kardashev's original definition was 4 × 1012 W — a "technological level close to the level presently attained on earth" ("presently" meaning 1964).
Methods by which a civilization could feasibly advance to Type I:
* Large scale application of fusion power. Type I implies the conversion of about 5 kg of matter to energy per second. This can be achieved by fusing approximately 1,000 kg of hydrogen into helium each second, a rate roughly equivalent to 3 × 1010 kg/year. A cubic km of water contains about 1011 kg of hydrogen, and the Earth's oceans contain about 1.3 × 109 cubic km of water. So this rate of consumption can be sustained over geological time scales.
* Antimatter production is still beyond our civilization's ability to utilize as a power source, but any civilization with the technological ability to produce or collect anti-matter in large quantities cheaply, would have a mechanism to produce power on a scale several factors above our current level of technology.
* Solar energy — converting sunlight into electricity by either solar cells or indirectly through wind and hydroelectric power. Currently, there is no known way for human civilization to successfully utilize the equivalent of the Earth's total absorbed solar energy without completely coating the surface with man-made structures, which is presently not feasible. However, if a civilization constructed very large space-based power satellites, Type I power levels might be achievable.
# Type II — a civilization that is able to harness all of the power available from a single star, approximately 4 × 1026 W. Again, this figure is variable; the Sun outputs approximately 3.86 × 1026 W. Kardashev's original definition was also 4 × 1026 W.
* A Dyson sphere or Dyson swarm and similar constructs are hypothetical megastructures originally described by Freeman Dyson as a system of orbiting solar power satellites meant to completely enclose a star and capture most or all of its energy output.[13]
* Perhaps a more exotic means to generate usable energy would be to feed a stellar mass into a black hole, and collect photons emitted by the accretion disc.[14][15] Less exotic would be simply to capture photons already escaping from the accretion disc, reducing a black hole's angular momentum; known as the Penrose process.
* In sufficiently large number of stellar systems, absorbing a small but significant fraction of the output of each individual star.
Type III — a civilization that is able to harness all of the power available from a single galaxy, approximately 4 × 1037 W. This figure is extremely variable, since galaxies vary widely in size; the stated figure is the approximate power output of the Milky Way. Kardashev's original definition was also 4 × 1037 W.[/color]
Type III civilizations might use the same techniques employed by a Type II civilization, but applied to all of the stars of one or more galaxies individually. They may also be able to tap into the energy produced from a supermassive black hole which are believed to exist at the center of most galaxies.
Type IV level which controls the energy output of the visible universe; this is within a few orders of magnitude of 1045 W. Such a civilization approaches or surpasses the limits of speculation based on current scientific understanding, and may not be possible.
In the Star Trek universe, the race known as the Q Continuum are beings of unlimited power that have existed since the begining of the universe. They can alter reality in any way conceivable, at any point in time. They have no apparent malice or bias toward lower lifeforms and, cannot influence one another.
There are many historical examples of human civilization undergoing large-scale transitions, such as the Industrial Revolution. The transition between Kardashev scale levels could potentially represent similarly dramatic periods of social upheaval, since they entail surpassing the hard limits of the resources available in a civilization's existing territory. A common speculationsuggests that the transition from Type 0 to Type I might carry a strong risk of self-destruction since, in some scenario, there would no longer be room for further expansion on the civilization's home planet, similar to a Malthusian catastrophe. Excessive use of energy without adequate disposal of heat, for example, could plausibly make the planet of a civilization approaching Type I unsuitable to the biology of the dominant life-forms and their food sources. If Earth is an example, then sea temperatures in excess of 35 °C would jeopardize marine life and make the cooling of mammals to temperatures suitable for their metabolism difficult if not impossible. Of course, these theoretical speculations may not become problems in reality thanks to the application of future engineering and technology.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardashev_scale[color=#EF2929][/color]
BOXING
Andre Ward
Statistics
Real name Andre Ward
Nickname(s) S.O.G. (Son of God)
Rated at Super Middleweight
Height 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m)
Nationality American
Birth date February 23, 1984 (1984-02-23) (age 25)
Birth place San Francisco, California,
USA
Stance Orthodox
Boxing record
Total fights 21
Wins 21
Wins by KO 13
Losses 0
Draws 0
No contests 0
Olympic medal record
Men's boxing
Gold 2004 Athens Light heavyweight
Andre Ward (born February 23, 1984) is an American boxer, and is the current WBA World Super Middleweight champion. As an amateur Ward won Gold at the 2004 Summer Olympics in the light heavyweight division, the first American boxing gold in 8 years. He qualified for the Olympic Games by ending up in second place at the 1st AIBA American 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Tijuana, Mexico.
Ward made his pro debut on December 18, 2004 by scoring a second round TKO over Chris Molina. Ward dropped Molina in the first round with a straight left cross to the chin that drove him into the ropes and down on the second strand. Ward, continued to dominate the action and dropped Molina for the second and final time with another sharp left hook to the jaw. The referee waved off the bout at 40 seconds of the second round.
On February 5, 2005 Ward fought in his second pro fight against Kenny Kost. Ward overcame a rocky second round, in which he was hurt by a left hook, to win by unanimous decision. Ward defeated Roy Ashworth on April 7, 2005 by disqualification, after Ashworth committed numerous fouls on Ward, including shoving Ward to the canvas and hitting him in the back of his head.
Ward won his next three fights, all by knockout, before going up against Darnell Boone on November 19, 2005. Ward was knocked down for the first time in his career in round four. Despite the knockdown, Ward went on to win by unanimous decision.
After the fight with Boone, Ward went on to win his next six fights, including TKO victories over undefeated Andy Kolle and Francisco Diaz. On November 16, 2007 Ward beat undefeated Roger Cantrell by fifth round TKO in Saint Lucia.
On March 20, 2008, at the HP Pavilion in San Jose, California, Ward defeated Rubin Williams by seventh round TKO. Ward hit Williams with jabs and straight left hands almost at will, opening a bad cut over Williams' left eye in the process. The cut would force the referee to stop the fight.
Ward faced Jerson Ravelo on June 20, 2008, in Georgetown, Cayman Islands, for the vacant WBO NABO super middleweight title. Ward dominated Ravelo for the majority of the fight en route to a TKO victory in the eighth round, claiming the vacant WBO NABO super middleweight title.
On May 16, 2009, at the Oracle Arena in Oakland, California, Ward defeated Edison Miranda by unanimous decision. The scores were 116-112, 119-109, 119-109 for Ward. Ward showed he had an inside game as well as an outside game. Miranda couldn't stay up with Ward's versatility around the ring.
On September 12, 2009, at the Pechanga Resort and Casino in Temecula, California, Ward defeated Shelby Pudwill by TKO in the 3rd round.
HERE IS SOME FOOTAGE OF HI FIGHTING!!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fItTubGjG9Q&feature=related
Statistics
Real name Andre Ward
Nickname(s) S.O.G. (Son of God)
Rated at Super Middleweight
Height 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m)
Nationality American
Birth date February 23, 1984 (1984-02-23) (age 25)
Birth place San Francisco, California,
USA
Stance Orthodox
Boxing record
Total fights 21
Wins 21
Wins by KO 13
Losses 0
Draws 0
No contests 0
Olympic medal record
Men's boxing
Gold 2004 Athens Light heavyweight
Andre Ward (born February 23, 1984) is an American boxer, and is the current WBA World Super Middleweight champion. As an amateur Ward won Gold at the 2004 Summer Olympics in the light heavyweight division, the first American boxing gold in 8 years. He qualified for the Olympic Games by ending up in second place at the 1st AIBA American 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Tijuana, Mexico.
Ward made his pro debut on December 18, 2004 by scoring a second round TKO over Chris Molina. Ward dropped Molina in the first round with a straight left cross to the chin that drove him into the ropes and down on the second strand. Ward, continued to dominate the action and dropped Molina for the second and final time with another sharp left hook to the jaw. The referee waved off the bout at 40 seconds of the second round.
On February 5, 2005 Ward fought in his second pro fight against Kenny Kost. Ward overcame a rocky second round, in which he was hurt by a left hook, to win by unanimous decision. Ward defeated Roy Ashworth on April 7, 2005 by disqualification, after Ashworth committed numerous fouls on Ward, including shoving Ward to the canvas and hitting him in the back of his head.
Ward won his next three fights, all by knockout, before going up against Darnell Boone on November 19, 2005. Ward was knocked down for the first time in his career in round four. Despite the knockdown, Ward went on to win by unanimous decision.
After the fight with Boone, Ward went on to win his next six fights, including TKO victories over undefeated Andy Kolle and Francisco Diaz. On November 16, 2007 Ward beat undefeated Roger Cantrell by fifth round TKO in Saint Lucia.
On March 20, 2008, at the HP Pavilion in San Jose, California, Ward defeated Rubin Williams by seventh round TKO. Ward hit Williams with jabs and straight left hands almost at will, opening a bad cut over Williams' left eye in the process. The cut would force the referee to stop the fight.
Ward faced Jerson Ravelo on June 20, 2008, in Georgetown, Cayman Islands, for the vacant WBO NABO super middleweight title. Ward dominated Ravelo for the majority of the fight en route to a TKO victory in the eighth round, claiming the vacant WBO NABO super middleweight title.
On May 16, 2009, at the Oracle Arena in Oakland, California, Ward defeated Edison Miranda by unanimous decision. The scores were 116-112, 119-109, 119-109 for Ward. Ward showed he had an inside game as well as an outside game. Miranda couldn't stay up with Ward's versatility around the ring.
On September 12, 2009, at the Pechanga Resort and Casino in Temecula, California, Ward defeated Shelby Pudwill by TKO in the 3rd round.
HERE IS SOME FOOTAGE OF HI FIGHTING!!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fItTubGjG9Q&feature=related
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder link to genius
By RedDawn, 2010-02-04 in News
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder link to genius
Attention-deficit disorders may be the spark behind creative geniuses such as Byron, Picasso and even Kurt Cobain, claims a psychiatrist.
Professor Michael Fitzgerald believes people with ADHD have the ability to "hyper-focus" on things of interest.
The Trinity College Dublin academic said lives of high achievers such as Jules Verne and Mark Twain seemed to suggest the disorder.
However, a psychologist said only mild ADHD could possibly offer a benefit.
ADHD is generally regarded as a disadvantage in life, with its characteristic traits of inattentiveness leading to problems at school and home.
However, Professor Fitzgerald told the annual meeting of the Royal College of Psychiatry's Faculty of Academic Psychiatry that it could actually prove an advantage.
Clearly ADHD is not a guarantee of genius, but the focused work-rate that it produces may enable creative genius to flourish
Professor Michael Fitzgerald, Trinity College Dublin
He claimed that it was possible to identify ADHD traits in a list of historical figures, also including Sir Walter Raleigh, Thomas Edison, Oscar Wilde, James Dean, Clark Gable and even Che Guevara.
"The same genes that are involved in ADHD can also be associated with risk-taking behaviour.
"While these urges can be problematic or even self-destructive - occasionally leading people into delinquency, addiction, or crime, they can also lead to earth-shattering breakthroughs in the fields of the arts, science, and exploration."
He said that Kurt Cobain, the former Nirvana songwriter, had an "amazing ability" to focus on writing music.
"People with ADHD have symptoms of inattentiveness, but they often also have a capacity to hyper-focus on a narrow area that is of particular interest to them.
"Clearly ADHD is not a guarantee of genius, but the focused work-rate that it produces may enable creative genius to flourish."
'Reckless character'
While there are potential pitfalls of diagnosis by historical evidence, Professor Fitzgerald, pointed to clues such as Lord Byron's "turbulent life", with evidence that he got into trouble at school, and criminal behaviour as an adult.
Sir Walter Raleigh was a "reckless character", but this, and his "insatiable quest for new stimulation" had made him into a famous soldier, adventurer and explorer, said Professor Fitzgerald.
This is not the first time that the academic has turned to the history books for examples of famous figures who may have been shaped by psychiatric disorders.
He suggested in a 2004 book that Mozart, George Orwell and Andy Warhol all fitted established criteria for a diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorder.
Professor Barbara Sahakian, a clinical psychologist at Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge, said that it would be difficult to make a positive diagnosis of ADHD unless written documentation was very detailed.
"You would need a diary which basically answered all the questions I'd need to ask if the person was in front of me in the consulting room."
She said that while mild ADHD traits could possibly be an advantage, more severe versions of the disorder could be far too debilitating for the individual.
this is something many of us already knew along time ago....
Attention-deficit disorders may be the spark behind creative geniuses such as Byron, Picasso and even Kurt Cobain, claims a psychiatrist.
Professor Michael Fitzgerald believes people with ADHD have the ability to "hyper-focus" on things of interest.
The Trinity College Dublin academic said lives of high achievers such as Jules Verne and Mark Twain seemed to suggest the disorder.
However, a psychologist said only mild ADHD could possibly offer a benefit.
ADHD is generally regarded as a disadvantage in life, with its characteristic traits of inattentiveness leading to problems at school and home.
However, Professor Fitzgerald told the annual meeting of the Royal College of Psychiatry's Faculty of Academic Psychiatry that it could actually prove an advantage.
Clearly ADHD is not a guarantee of genius, but the focused work-rate that it produces may enable creative genius to flourish
Professor Michael Fitzgerald, Trinity College Dublin
He claimed that it was possible to identify ADHD traits in a list of historical figures, also including Sir Walter Raleigh, Thomas Edison, Oscar Wilde, James Dean, Clark Gable and even Che Guevara.
"The same genes that are involved in ADHD can also be associated with risk-taking behaviour.
"While these urges can be problematic or even self-destructive - occasionally leading people into delinquency, addiction, or crime, they can also lead to earth-shattering breakthroughs in the fields of the arts, science, and exploration."
He said that Kurt Cobain, the former Nirvana songwriter, had an "amazing ability" to focus on writing music.
"People with ADHD have symptoms of inattentiveness, but they often also have a capacity to hyper-focus on a narrow area that is of particular interest to them.
"Clearly ADHD is not a guarantee of genius, but the focused work-rate that it produces may enable creative genius to flourish."
'Reckless character'
While there are potential pitfalls of diagnosis by historical evidence, Professor Fitzgerald, pointed to clues such as Lord Byron's "turbulent life", with evidence that he got into trouble at school, and criminal behaviour as an adult.
Sir Walter Raleigh was a "reckless character", but this, and his "insatiable quest for new stimulation" had made him into a famous soldier, adventurer and explorer, said Professor Fitzgerald.
This is not the first time that the academic has turned to the history books for examples of famous figures who may have been shaped by psychiatric disorders.
He suggested in a 2004 book that Mozart, George Orwell and Andy Warhol all fitted established criteria for a diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorder.
Professor Barbara Sahakian, a clinical psychologist at Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge, said that it would be difficult to make a positive diagnosis of ADHD unless written documentation was very detailed.
"You would need a diary which basically answered all the questions I'd need to ask if the person was in front of me in the consulting room."
She said that while mild ADHD traits could possibly be an advantage, more severe versions of the disorder could be far too debilitating for the individual.
this is something many of us already knew along time ago....
Hapkido
Hapkido is a Korean martial art. It is derived from the Japanese form Daito-ryu-Aikijujutsu. Initially Choi Yong Sul reintroduced it and developed it as Hapki Yusul but his students added to his techniques and included kicks and strikes to create the modern Hapkido. The idea was to get the perfect balance of defence and attack within each technique. Hapkido translates as “the way to harmony through body and mind coordination.” It is an eclectic art that has similarities and roots in many Korean and Japanese martial arts:
Principles:
Hapkido's main principles are Yoo (flowing like water), Won (the circle, the perfect geometric shape), Hwa (harmony in no resistance). It also considers Seang-Ni-Hak (physiology), Meom (body), Shin (mind) and Shim-Ni-Hak (psychology).
Hapkido's main principles are Yoo (flowing like water), Won (the circle, the perfect geometric shape), Hwa (harmony in no resistance). It also considers Seang-Ni-Hak (physiology), Meom (body), Shin (mind) and Shim-Ni-Hak (psychology).
Weapons:
Students learn to defend against a variety of weapons including knives, canes, rope, the staff (short, mid and long length), swords and other bladed weapons. They are also taught how to use everyday items as weapons of their own.
Students learn to defend against a variety of weapons including knives, canes, rope, the staff (short, mid and long length), swords and other bladed weapons. They are also taught how to use everyday items as weapons of their own.
Throwing with joint manipulation
Techniques:
Hapkido uses a wide range of striking, joint lock, pinning and throwing techniques to avoid any narrow specialization. Grappling is also taught but the emphasis is on escaping to regain footing.
Footwork is essential and used with hand strikes and low level kicks when at a further range to bridge the distance. Once at a closer range the practitioner takes control of the opponents balance to apply a joint lock or throw the opponent depending on the situation.
Hapkido makes use of people's pressure points which can be struck to produce unconsciousness or immobility of limbs or manipulated to create pain. Using pressure points allows one to unbalance their opponent more easily.
Strikes and punches with both hands and elbows are taught. "Live hand" strike is also part of the Hapkido syllabus. It is a strike that focuses energy to the hand and allows the practitioner to produce energy and internal strikes to the opponent. Usually hand strikes are used to weaken the opponent's balance before joint locking or throwing but sometimes are used as a finishing technique.
Although Hapkido contains kicks from Karate and Tae Kwon Do the emphasis of these movements is still on Won; the circle. There are many sweeping or hooking kicks and there is greater commitment to the attack than to quick retraction of the leg. As students advance they learn blade kicks which are sweeping kicks that make contact with pressure points on the opponents body.
Hapkido uses a wide range of striking, joint lock, pinning and throwing techniques to avoid any narrow specialization. Grappling is also taught but the emphasis is on escaping to regain footing.
Footwork is essential and used with hand strikes and low level kicks when at a further range to bridge the distance. Once at a closer range the practitioner takes control of the opponents balance to apply a joint lock or throw the opponent depending on the situation.
Hapkido makes use of people's pressure points which can be struck to produce unconsciousness or immobility of limbs or manipulated to create pain. Using pressure points allows one to unbalance their opponent more easily.
Strikes and punches with both hands and elbows are taught. "Live hand" strike is also part of the Hapkido syllabus. It is a strike that focuses energy to the hand and allows the practitioner to produce energy and internal strikes to the opponent. Usually hand strikes are used to weaken the opponent's balance before joint locking or throwing but sometimes are used as a finishing technique.
Although Hapkido contains kicks from Karate and Tae Kwon Do the emphasis of these movements is still on Won; the circle. There are many sweeping or hooking kicks and there is greater commitment to the attack than to quick retraction of the leg. As students advance they learn blade kicks which are sweeping kicks that make contact with pressure points on the opponents body.
References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapkido
http://www.hapkido.org.nz/index.html
http://www.worldhapkido.com/hapkido.html
http://www.koreahapkidofederation.net/
http://www.hapkiyoosool.com/hist.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapki_yusul
http://www.jangmuwonhapkido.com/web/
La Destreza
By RedDawn, 2009-12-20 in News
La Destreza
At the end of the 16th Century, one of the deadliest, most elegant, and certainly most misunderstood forms of rapier combat was being perfected.
Intense training develops lightning reflexes, calm demeanor and analysis of every situation. Correct execution of the Mysterious Circle's highly refined techniques was believed, by practitioners, to all but guarantee victory. Angulation, deflection and the tremendous power generated by body torque are merely some of its secrets.
By constantly menacing with the point, the centerline is maintained and the body offers the smallest vulnerable target. To reach his foe, the opponent must remove the threatening blade. The Spanish practitioner coolly waited for his man to commit his body and weapon to an attack. This he avoided by stepping forward or back on an angle then countered with superior blade leverage facilitated by his knowledge of geometry and physics, to control the central line. He simply angled his body and blade to shift center and establish a new line that he could dominate. The attacker literally impaled himself on the Spaniard's extended point.
The master of the Circle seemed to know his opponent's next move as if by magic. The "magic" was the result of exacting footwork, body angulation and a manipulation of the blade that limited the opponent's options. He guided him towards predictable responses by offering fewer opportunities, at the same time baiting him to attack the openings selected by you. This made it relatively easy to avoid or counter his offense and launch a fatal response.
The skills, both mental and physical developed by training on the Circle impact every weapon the practitioner employs or encounters, including swords, pole arms, daggers, cloaks, whips and empty hands.
http://sjaqua.tripod.com/spanishc.htm
http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~wew/other/magic_circle.html
At the end of the 16th Century, one of the deadliest, most elegant, and certainly most misunderstood forms of rapier combat was being perfected.
Intense training develops lightning reflexes, calm demeanor and analysis of every situation. Correct execution of the Mysterious Circle's highly refined techniques was believed, by practitioners, to all but guarantee victory. Angulation, deflection and the tremendous power generated by body torque are merely some of its secrets.
By constantly menacing with the point, the centerline is maintained and the body offers the smallest vulnerable target. To reach his foe, the opponent must remove the threatening blade. The Spanish practitioner coolly waited for his man to commit his body and weapon to an attack. This he avoided by stepping forward or back on an angle then countered with superior blade leverage facilitated by his knowledge of geometry and physics, to control the central line. He simply angled his body and blade to shift center and establish a new line that he could dominate. The attacker literally impaled himself on the Spaniard's extended point.
The master of the Circle seemed to know his opponent's next move as if by magic. The "magic" was the result of exacting footwork, body angulation and a manipulation of the blade that limited the opponent's options. He guided him towards predictable responses by offering fewer opportunities, at the same time baiting him to attack the openings selected by you. This made it relatively easy to avoid or counter his offense and launch a fatal response.
The skills, both mental and physical developed by training on the Circle impact every weapon the practitioner employs or encounters, including swords, pole arms, daggers, cloaks, whips and empty hands.
http://sjaqua.tripod.com/spanishc.htm
http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~wew/other/magic_circle.html
TeamSpeak 3
Well Teamspeak 3 has arrived you can download the client version bellow.
Connection information is the same all you have to do is put in the ip
74.208.112.239
TeamSpeak3-Client-win32-3.0.0-beta1.exe
TeamSpeak3-Client-win64-3.0.0-beta1.exe
TeamSpeak3-Client-macosx-3.0.0-beta1.dmg
TeamSpeak3-Client-linux_amd64-3.0.0-beta1.run
TeamSpeak3-Client-linux_x86-3.0.0-beta1.run
Connection information is the same all you have to do is put in the ip
74.208.112.239
TeamSpeak3-Client-win32-3.0.0-beta1.exe
TeamSpeak3-Client-win64-3.0.0-beta1.exe
TeamSpeak3-Client-macosx-3.0.0-beta1.dmg
TeamSpeak3-Client-linux_amd64-3.0.0-beta1.run
TeamSpeak3-Client-linux_x86-3.0.0-beta1.run
Japanese Vengeance Balloon Bombs
The Vengeance Bombs (also known as Fu-Go or Fire Balloons) were made from mulberry paper, glued together with potato flour and filled with hydrogen. They were spherical balloons with a diameter of 33 feet (about 10m) and of the possible 1000 pounds (453.6 kg) of weight they could carry 33 where dedicated to an anti-personnel fragment bomb. Using an altimeter the Japanese programmed the balloons to release hydrogen if they got to over 38,000 feet and drop sand bags if they fell below 30,000 feet.
To get all the way from Japan to the USA the balloons where released in fall and winter when the jet stream across the Pacific Ocean was strongest. Being pulled along in the stream it took the balloons 3-4 days to make the journey across the Pacific. Once all the sand bags ran out two incendiary bombs were dropped the next time the altimeter registered the balloon as to low. Finally the bomb was dropped as, by the Japanese's calculation, it should be over the US by then. At this time a 64 foot fuse connecting the balloon to its cargo was ignited and about 82 minutes later the balloon itself became a flying fireball. Sometimes the balloon descended with the bomb and burnt up or failed to ignite at all.
The Japanese undertook the balloon bomb project in retaliation to the “Doolittle raid” (when American pilots bombed targets in Tokyo in 1942). Though it took 2 years to make the 9000 balloons they finally launched in November 1944. The goal was to cause fear among the public and government by executing such a long ranged attack and to divert the attention of the armed forces from the war by causing forest fires, destroying buildings and causing harm on home soil. Some of the bombs drifted over Canada and even made it near the Mexico border.
Though the bombs caused little damage they had the potential to be very effective and were shot down when sighted before reaching the mainland. There was also a concern that the Japanese might initiate biological or chemical warfare using the balloons. So, to discourage the launch of more balloons, the US applied censorship on the media; asking them not to mention any balloon bomb incidents. It worked rather well, the Japanese didn't hear of many successful bombings and this helped lead to them giving up on the project. Censorship was lifted to alert the public to the danger of the balloons when, in May 1945, six people (five children and a woman) were killed after they tried to pull a balloon from a tree. They are the only know casualties of the balloon bombs and the “only known fatalities on the U.S mainland from enemy attack during World War II.”
Fu-Go being shot down over the Aleutians
In April 1945 two of the three plants producing hydrogen for the balloons were bombed and Japan gave up on the project. Since then 325 remains have been found all over North America and Canada. However it is estimated that 1000 of the 9000 balloons launched made it across the Pacific. In 1955 one was found unexploded but still dangerous even after ten year of corrosion. The most recent discovery of balloon bomb remains was in 1992. There is the possibility that more unexploded bombs or remains lie in the deserts, forests, lakes and mountains of North America and have simply not been discovered yet.
References:
http://www.japaneseballoonbombs.com/
http://39th.org/39TH/hc/fugowarhazzard.htm
http://web.mst.edu/~rogersda/forensic_geology/Japenese%20vengenance%20bombs%20new.htm
http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/May-June-08/On-this-Day--Japanese-WWII--Balloon-Bomb--Kills-Six-in-Oregon.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_balloon
http://www.stelzriede.com/ms/html/mshwfugo.htm
http://www.japaneseballoonbombs.com/
http://39th.org/39TH/hc/fugowarhazzard.htm
http://web.mst.edu/~rogersda/forensic_geology/Japenese%20vengenance%20bombs%20new.htm
http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/May-June-08/On-this-Day--Japanese-WWII--Balloon-Bomb--Kills-Six-in-Oregon.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_balloon
http://www.stelzriede.com/ms/html/mshwfugo.htm
Skins thread PLEASE READ
Please Read
the problem:
with the sudden increase in custom skins comes a large number of individual threads for each persons skins
this makes it more of a chore to hunt down and get everyone's skin who asks around for people to get what they have on
the solution
I have made a sticky thread in the general forum where you can all post your skins in a uniform layout and in a central location for organization and ease of use...
please read my OP in that thread and follow the format i laid out... this will make it easy to get everyone's skins on one quick thread visit...
THREAD IS HERE
thanks: PyRO
in a week or two the individual threads will be removed please move them to the stick thread if you do not i will do it for you but id rather not have too..
the problem:
with the sudden increase in custom skins comes a large number of individual threads for each persons skins
this makes it more of a chore to hunt down and get everyone's skin who asks around for people to get what they have on
the solution
I have made a sticky thread in the general forum where you can all post your skins in a uniform layout and in a central location for organization and ease of use...
please read my OP in that thread and follow the format i laid out... this will make it easy to get everyone's skins on one quick thread visit...
THREAD IS HERE
thanks: PyRO
in a week or two the individual threads will be removed please move them to the stick thread if you do not i will do it for you but id rather not have too..
Flow
By RedDawn, 2009-12-08 in News
Once upon a time in ancient Japan, a young man was studying martial arts under a famous teacher. Every day the young man would practice in a courtyard along with the other students. One day, as the master watched, he could see that the other students were consistently interfering with the young man’s technique. Sensing the student’s frustration, the master approached the student and tapped him on the shoulder. “What is wrong?” inquired the teacher. “I cannot execute my technique and I do not understand why,” replied the student. “This is because you do not understand harmony. Please follow me,” said the master. Leaving the practice hall, the master and student walked a short distance into the woods until they came upon a stream. After standing silently beside the streambed for a few minutes, the master spoke. “Look at the water,” he instructed. “It does not slam into the rocks and stop out of frustration, but instead flows around them and continues down the stream. Become like the water and you will understand harmony.” Soon, the student learned to move and flow like the stream, and none of the other students could keep him from executing his techniques.
TeamSpeak
Hey guys it appears, vent is down... which is still on aowc or our old server host... so i set up a new voip on our new host
this time it is teamspeak for now
Teamspeak download
Teamspeak Server ip: 74.208.112.239
this time it is teamspeak for now
Teamspeak download
Teamspeak Server ip: 74.208.112.239
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Quick Chat
Seto [02-08] :
Seems like the power might have gone out, the whole thing restarted... but I went and turned all our servers back on so everything should be fine now.
Daygall [02-08] :
YO WHATS WITH THE SERVERS! both of them are down, power out or something?
Zollhauptamt [02-05] :
gl & hf
RedDawn [02-01] :
sa la ve
Na-dhan [01-31] :
Yo, all. Life's busy, work's crazy, and I had to dismantle my audio set-up 'cuz I'm playing a gig soon. Hope to check in when I can.
Seems like the power might have gone out, the whole thing restarted... but I went and turned all our servers back on so everything should be fine now.
Daygall [02-08] :
YO WHATS WITH THE SERVERS! both of them are down, power out or something?
Zollhauptamt [02-05] :
gl & hf
RedDawn [02-01] :
sa la ve
Na-dhan [01-31] :
Yo, all. Life's busy, work's crazy, and I had to dismantle my audio set-up 'cuz I'm playing a gig soon. Hope to check in when I can.
Server Info
TeamSpeak 2: 74.208.112.239:8767
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